ABSTRACT
Introduction:Diazinon (DZN) administration produces lipid peroxidation as an indicator of oxidative stress in the brain. Some medicinal plants such as Doremaglabrumhas antioxidant properties, so can be usedas an antioxidant that may protect neurons from oxidative stress. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of D.glabrumagainst DZN-induced oxidative stressin hippocampus.Methods:Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were used in this study.The rats randomly were divided into four groups including a control group, and two groups received different doses of D.glabrum(40 and 80 mg/kg) as pre-treatment for 21 days with DZN (100 mg/Kg) that was injected intraperitoneally (ip) in last day of D. glabrumusage, and one group received only DZN. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), which are the indicators of lipid peroxidation, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase) were determined in the ratsʼhippocampus.Results: Administration of DZN significantly increased TBARS levels and superoxide dismutase activity and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity but there were no significant changes in catalase activity in the hippocampus. Combined D.glabrumand DZN treatment, caused a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase, a significant decrease of TBARS and a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase and again no significant changes in catalase activity in the rats’ hippocampus when compared to the rats treated with DZN.Conclusion:Our study demonstrated that D.glabrumhad an amelioratory effect on oxidative stress induced by DZN
ABSTRACT
Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women. Survival rate depends on early detection and health care. The incidence rate of breast cancer varies by geographic region. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of breast cancer in Tabriz during two phases [2007-2009 and 2010-2012]
Methods: All breast pathologic records were studied in all hospitals in Tabriz. Malignant cases were classified according to the tumor-node-metastasis classification. Data were compared across the study. S t atistical analyses were performed using Excel [Microsoft Excel 2010] and SPSS [version 16.0]
Results: The results showed that the number of patients increased 52.76 percent in phase 2 compared to the first three years. A significant decrease in the diagnosis stage III was observed between phases 1 and 2 [P value=0.001, X2=21.721, CI=0.0001-0.001]
Conclusion: Our results confirmed that a down staging trend in breast cancer has occurred in Tabriz, despite the lack of formal screening programs. This may be due to an increasing awareness among Azeri women about the warning signs of breast cancer, enhanced available health services, and an improvement in socioeconomic status